The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has voiced frustration over its inability to penalize politicians and parties involved in early campaigning for the 2027 general election, pointing to loopholes in the law.
INEC Chairman, Professor Mahmood Yakubu, disclosed this on Wednesday at a stakeholders’ roundtable in Abuja, which examined “The Challenges of Premature Political Campaigns.”
Yakubu explained that while Section 94(2) of the Electoral Act 2022 prescribes mild sanctions on parties or individuals who campaign 24 hours before polling day, there are no penalties for campaigns that begin earlier than the 150-day window stipulated by law.
He stressed that Section 94(1) clearly prohibits campaigns earlier than 150 days before an election and mandates they end 24 hours before polling, noting the intent is to prioritise governance over endless politicking.
Despite repeated warnings, politicians have continued to flout the law. The All Progressives Congress (APC) has already adopted President Bola Tinubu as its sole presidential candidate, following endorsements by the party’s National Executive Committee and state caucuses.
On his part, Labour Party’s 2023 presidential candidate, Peter Obi, has confirmed he will contest in 2027, promising to serve a single four-year term if elected.
Similarly, former Minister of Transportation, Chibuike Amaechi, has declared his presidential ambition under the African Democratic Congress (ADC), boasting that he has the political weight to defeat President Tinubu.
Yakubu lamented that political parties and their supporters have turned Nigeria into a country in constant campaign mode.
He reiterated that INEC would continue to push for reforms that close legal loopholes and ensure early campaigns attract meaningful sanctions.
Yakubu said, “Around the country, we have seen outdoor advertising, media campaigns and even rallies promoting various political parties and candidates. These actions and activities undermine the Commission’s ability to track campaign finance limits as politicians, prospective candidates and third-party agents expend large amounts of money that cannot be effectively monitored before the official commencement of campaigns.
“Quite correctly, Nigerians expect INEC, as registrar and regulator of political parties, to act in the face of the brazen breach of the law on early campaign. However, the major challenge for the Commission is the law itself.
“Section 94(2) of the Electoral Act 2022 imposes sanctions, albeit mild (a maximum amount of N500,000 on conviction), on any political party or a person acting on its behalf who engages in campaigns 24 hours before polling day.
“However, there is no sanction whatsoever concerning breaches for campaigns earlier than 150 days to an election. Here lies the challenge for the Commission in dealing with early campaigns by political parties, prospective candidates and their supporters.
“In a sense, the problem of early campaign in Nigeria is not new. The seeming inability of the Commission and other regulatory agencies to deal with the menace within the ambit of the existing electoral legal framework calls for deep reflection.
“It is in this context that the Commission considered it appropriate to convene this meeting in which legislators, leaders of political parties, civil society organisations, experts, practitioners and regulators will brainstorm on the way forward.
“As the National Assembly is currently reviewing our electoral laws, the Commission has also invited the leadership of both the Senate and House of Representatives Committees on Electoral Matters. I am confident that they will give due consideration to actionable recommendations by experts, leaders of political parties, the President of the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), the Broadcasting Organisation of Nigeria (BON), the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) which regulates the broadcast media and the Advertising Regulatory Council of Nigeria (ARCON) which regulates advertisement, including outdoor advertising.
“Let me again reiterate the Commission’s strong belief that protecting our electoral process and consolidating our democracy is a multi-stakeholder task. I am confident that the Keynote Address and the panel discussions will provide insights into the problems of early campaigns and the measures necessary to address the challenge.”
In his welcome remarks, INEC National Commissioner and Chairman of the Board of the Electoral Institute (TEI), Prof. Abdullahi Zuru, stated that one of the most worrying challenges of democracy in Nigeria was the increasing resort to early campaigns by political actors and their surrogates in various forms.
Zuru, in his speech, said, “We have seen aspirants use cultural festivals and religious gatherings to drop hints about their ambitions, often disguised as appreciation or philanthropy. Billboards and branded vehicles sometimes appear with cleverly crafted slogans that stop just short of open solicitation but leave little doubt about the intent.
“More recently, social media influencers and content creators have become key players and fronts, flooding platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and X with songs, skits, and hashtags that project particular aspirants many months before the permission of the law.
“The Electoral Act 2022 is clear on this matter. Section 94.—(1)” For the purpose of this act, the period of campaigning in public by every political party shall commence 150 days before polling day and end 24 hours prior to that day.
“This safeguard was introduced to ensure fairness, reduce political tension, and guarantee a level playing field for aspirants. Unfortunately, what we see today is an increasing determination to circumvent, stretch, and even undermine this law. Often, third-party actors such as associations, professional groups, religious groups or political support groups are used as convenient fronts for disguised early campaigning.”
According to him, the implications of this trend are far-reaching, as when aspirants or parties compete to dominate visibility long before the official campaign period, it distorts fairness and raises the cost of political competition.
Zuru added, “Moreover, it distracts from governance, as elected officials become more concerned with sustaining political relevance than delivering public service. Over time, it erodes public confidence in our electoral system and fuels cynicism about whether the law can truly be enforced.
“We must be frank in acknowledging the scale of the challenge and bold in designing solutions. We must refine the regulatory framework so that what constitutes premature or early campaigning is more clearly defined in today’s digital age. We must strengthen enforcement, ensuring that violations are detected early and sanctioned firmly, be it by political parties, individuals, or their proxies.”
